The big brother of glycerin. It's also a natural moisturizing factor that reduces water evaporation from the upper layer of the skin and helps to keep water in the skin so that it stays nicely hydrated. It’s not something new: it was introduced around 1950 and today it can be used up to 1% worldwide. It can be found in nature - in green tea - but the version used in cosmetics is synthetic. It’s used mainly for its soothing and anti-inflammatory properties, but according to manufacturer info, it’s also sebum regulating so it' [more] what‑it‑does Lotion delivers hydration while enhancing skin radiance with white tranexamic acid (a brightening ingredient with anti-inflammatory properties), two kinds of hyaluronic acid, a Vitamin C derivative and Vitamin E. below 50k, around 10k Da version: there is a Japanese version trade namedHyalo-Oligo that has only a 10k molecular weight and is claimed to penetrate the skin very well, have a unique touch and give deep and long-lasting moisturization. Based on the Evonik-research and the natural role of LMW-HA in the body working as a pro-inflammatory signal molecule, this ultra-lowmolecular weight version is a controversial ingredient.

MAP does solve the stability problem: it's stable up to pH 7, so far so good. What is not so good is that, as the great review study about vitamin C derivatives in the Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology writes, MAP is "at very best, poorly absorbed in comparison to AA." Although its main purpose is not for moisturizing, it does not have much moisturizing effects as stated So now you know that pure vitamin C (aka ascorbic acid, AA) is really unstable and hard to formulate so the cosmetics industry is coming up with a bunch of derivatives to solve the problem andMagnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate (or MAP) is one of them.In the Hada Labo Shirojyun Whitening Lotion, there are absolutely no bleaching ingredients at all. This product is used to brighten skin tones and also make spots less visible. I used to play a lot of outside sports in the past 15 years of my life and have gotten visible sunspots. I know that although it is not guaranteed that this product would lighten my spot, I would like to see if my spot gets even a little bit lighter as well as my overall skin tone.

We think the above is pretty much the gist of the topic but if you feel like reading about parabens all day today, here is a handy list for you to get you started: Crystal of whitening ingredient may adhere to the cap. In that case, wipe it off with a clean piece of gauze. A clear, colorless liquid that works as a solvent and viscositydecreasing ingredient. It also has great skin-moisturizing abilities. [more] what‑it‑does Vitamin C phosphate Mg, hyaluronate Na-2, hydrolyzed hyaluronic acid (nano-sized hyaluronic acid), DPG, concentrated glycerin, α-olefin oligomer, meadowfoam oil, glyceryl triethylhexanoate, sorbitan stearate, behenyl alcohol, isostearic acid POE (20) sorbitan, xanthan gum, hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxyvinyl polymer, TEA, EDTA-Na, parabenDo not be alarmed, the word, “whitening” is not what you think it is . In Japan and in various Asian countries, you may come across beauty products that contain the word “whitening.” However, the majority of the time, the idea of “whitening” is equivalent to the idea of “brightening” or evening the skin. Contains white tranexamic acid (whitening active ingredient) with anti-inflammatory effect, nano hyaluronic acid, vitamin C derivative and vitamin E as moisturizing ingredients Then 2004 came and a researchpaper came out that tested 20 human breast tumorsand found parabens in all of them. This was before theera of social media (btw, it's the year Facebook was founded) but this research still managed to go viral and caused parabens to become the evil, cancer-causing preservative in people's head. Disclaimer: This product was sent to me for review purposes. I was not paid to write a review but that does not affect my thoughts on it. Do take note that my experience with this product may not be the same as yours as each skin type is different. Your Milage May Vary (YMMV). I am also not a skin expert, I'm only a skincare enthusiast. Hence, I do not qualify to suggest dermatological advice, please seek a certified medical practioner for further advice if needed.

Infused with arbutin (an active brightening ingredient) and various types of hyaluronic acid (a moisturizing ingredient), this lotion restores skin's moisture and evens skin texture for its smooth and luminescent appearance.Tranexamic Acid, Glycyrrhizin 2K, Hydrolyzed Hyaluronic Acid, Na-2 Hyaluronate, Me Vitamin C Phosphate, Vitamin E, BG, Concentrated Glycerin, Diglycerin, Benchlen Glycol, PEG (30), PEG-8, POE (24) POP (24) Glyceriether, edetate, POE laurate 20) Sobitan VP-styrene copolymer emulsion, Nacarboxyvinyl volimmer bilo sulfite, phenoxyethanol Da version: this is the size that is claimed to be able to absorb into the skin and plump up wrinkles, so it is used mainly as an "anti-aging ingredient" I’m glad to try out this product, because I’ve always wanted to even out the tone on my skin. I definitely see a difference using this product on my skin, and can’t wait to see future results after using this for more months.