Assuming a 15% primary outcome event rate, 8% non-inferiority margin assessed against an upper one-sided 95% CI, 90% power and 15% loss to follow-up, 800 children will be enrolled to demonstrate non-inferiority for the primary outcome for each of duration and dose. When rates are below the cap rate, the borrower receives no income from the cap but simply pays the lower variable rate. The lack of predictive diagnostic tests to rule out or confirm the need for antibiotics means that young children with clinical signs of CAP are likely to continue to be prescribed antibiotics, especially in hospitals. Children randomised to the 3-day treatment course were more likely (98%) to complete their full course of treatment than those randomised to the 7-day course (91%).

For binary clinical end points, a noninferiority margin of up to 20% could be acceptable per the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Independent data monitoring committee: Tim Peto (chair), MD, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Simon Cousens, DipMathStat, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK; and Stuart Logan, MSc, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK. No penicillin-resistant pneumococci were identified, and there was no significant difference in day 28 pneumococcal carriage or penicillin nonsusceptibility according to the dose or duration of amoxicillin ( Table 2; eTable 11, eTable 12, eTable 13, and eTable 14 in Supplement 2).Position paper: recommended design features of future clinical trials of antibacterial agents for community-acquired pneumonia.

Participants were randomised into one of four study groups (low dose/short duration; low dose/long duration; high dose/short duration; high dose/long duration) at a 1:1 ratio. Of 824 participants randomized into 1 of the 4 groups, 814 received at least 1 dose of trial medication (median [IQR] age, 2.Systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy of short-course antibiotic treatments for community-acquired pneumonia in adults. In both treatment groups , the amoxicillin was divided into BD doses, (which has been approved by international guidance), rather than three times daily dosing that is commonly used in UK practice. Antibiotic therapy for pediatric community-acquired pneumonia: do we know when, what and for how long to treat? Optimizing antibiotic treatment to minimize drug exposure while achieving high rates of clinical cure would inform essential antibiotic stewardship interventions.